Kauaʻi record · kba_plant_eucalyptus_paniculata
Gray Ironbark
Eucalyptus paniculata
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About Gray Ironbark
Gray Ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata) is an introduced tree treated as naturalized on Kauaʻi by Bishop Museum’s 2025 checklist and the 2026 Smithsonian checklist. Current extent is unassessed. Native to open forest from southeastern Queensland through eastern New South Wales to eastern Victoria, often on relatively fertile heavier soils. On Kauaʻi it is checklist-documented as naturalized and also recorded in established forest plantings. Those records establish ecosystem presence but do not quantify current spread or effects.
Kauaʻi evidence
Taxonomic identity, tree form, diagnostic morphology and island occurrence use the linked reviewed sources. Historical planting, cultivation, naturalization and invasive status are separate. Generated imagery is not occurrence evidence. The 1918–1959 Kauaʻi reforestation working register records 469 plants under Eucalyptus paniculata across 1 entries dated 1931. These are recorded planting quantities, not counts of surviving trees, and they do not by themselves establish current persistence, naturalization, or ecological impact. Source: Kauaʻi Reforestation Plantings 1918–1959 working register (user-supplied; reconciled 6 October 2026).
Names and classification
- Scientific name
- Eucalyptus paniculata
- Common names
- Gray Ironbark · Grey ironbark
- Other names
- Eucalyptus paniculata · Gray ironbark · Grey ironbark · Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. matutina L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill
- Record type
- Species
Kauaʻi occurrence and status
- Kauaʻi occurrence
- Recorded on Kauaʻi
- Origin
- Introduced
- Conservation status
- Not yet assessed
- Evidence date
- 2026-10-06
- Evidence limits
- The latest reviewed explicit forest-presence evidence is from 2015; current island-wide extent, natural regeneration, population trend, and ecological effects remain unassessed.
Habitat and ecology
- Habitats
- Not yet assessed
- Food and resource needs
- Not yet assessed
- Reproduction
- Terminal flower panicles produce white, stamen-rich flowers followed by woody seed capsules. Successful recruitment requires pollination, capsule maturation, seed release, and seedling establishment; no Kauaʻi-specific phenology or recruitment rate is documented.
- Shelter
- Not yet assessed
- Growth form
- Tree
Threats and conservation
- Monitoring
- Not yet assessed
- Data gaps
- Current population extent and trajectory · Additional species-specific ecological and conservation sources
Process and seasonal context
- Seasonal timing
- Not yet assessed
- Seasonal description
- Gray Ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata) is an introduced tree treated as naturalized on Kauaʻi by Bishop Museum’s 2025 checklist and the 2026 Smithsonian checklist. Current extent is unassessed. Native to open forest from southeastern Queensland through eastern New South Wales to eastern Victoria, often on relatively fertile heavier soils. On Kauaʻi it is checklist-documented as naturalized and also recorded in established forest plantings. Those records establish ecosystem presence but do not quantify current spread or effects.
Sources and further reading
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:593212-1
- https://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/entities/eucalyptus_paniculata.htm
- https://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/publications/pdf/tr75.pdf
- https://editedimages.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/Imadaetal.2025Hawaiianvascularplants.xlsx
- https://doi.org/10.5479/si.32124043
- https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/forestry/files/2013/02/Kaureport.pdf
- https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/forestry/files/2013/02/2015_NK_management_plan_final.pdf