Kauaʻi record · kba_plant_araucaria_heterophylla

Norfolk Island pine

Araucaria heterophylla

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About Norfolk Island pine

Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) is a post-contact introduced tree documented on Kauaʻi through historical forestry planting records. The reviewed records do not establish present survival. Endemic to Norfolk Island and nearby Philip Island, where it is a canopy tree of humid subtropical to wet tropical island forest. Wind-borne pollen fertilizes the cones; the large seed cones disintegrate at maturity and release winged seeds.

Kauaʻi evidence

Taxonomic identity, tree form, diagnostic morphology and island occurrence use the linked reviewed sources. Historical planting, cultivation, naturalization and invasive status are separate. Generated imagery is not occurrence evidence. The 1918–1959 Kauaʻi reforestation working register records 40,277 plants under Araucaria heterophylla across 21 entries dated 1926–1959. These are recorded planting quantities, not counts of surviving trees, and they do not by themselves establish current persistence, naturalization, or ecological impact. Source: Kauaʻi Reforestation Plantings 1918–1959 working register (user-supplied; reconciled 6 October 2026).

Names and classification

Scientific name: Araucaria heterophylla
Common names: Norfolk pine · Norfolk Island pine
Other names: Araucaria heterophylla · Norfolk Island pine · Norfolk pine · Eutassa heterophylla
Record type: Species

Kauaʻi occurrence and status

Kauaʻi occurrence: Recorded on Kauaʻi
Origin: Introduced
Conservation status: Not yet assessed
Evidence date: 2026-10-05
Evidence limits: Current extent is unassessed; public locality is island level only.

Habitat and ecology

Habitats: Not yet assessed
Food and resource needs: Not yet assessed
Reproduction: Not yet assessed
Shelter: Not yet assessed
Growth form: Evergreen conifer tree

Threats and conservation

Monitoring: Not yet assessed
Data gaps: Current population extent and trajectory · Additional species-specific ecological and conservation sources

Process and seasonal context

Seasonal timing: Not yet assessed
Seasonal description: Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) is a post-contact introduced tree documented on Kauaʻi through historical forestry planting records. The reviewed records do not establish present survival. Endemic to Norfolk Island and nearby Philip Island, where it is a canopy tree of humid subtropical to wet tropical island forest. Wind-borne pollen fertilizes the cones; the large seed cones disintegrate at maturity and release winged seeds.

Sources and further reading

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